nội hàm

Definition

Noun (Philosophy / Logic):
- Connotation / Intension: The set of all essential attributes, characteristics, or qualities that define a concept or term. It refers to the internal content and meaning of a concept.
- Comprehension: In logic, the sum of the qualities that constitute the meaning of a general term, as opposed to its extension (the range of things it applies to).

Usage Examples

Noun:
- Nội hàm của khái niệm "chim" bao gồm các đặc điểm như có lông vũ, có mỏ, và đẻ trứng. (The connotation of the concept "bird" includes characteristics such as having feathers, a beak, and laying eggs.)
- Khi định nghĩa một từ, chúng ta phải xác định rõ nội hàm của nó. (When defining a word, we must clearly determine its intension.)
- Nội hàm của "xe hơi" phong phú hơn nội hàm của "xe". (The intension of "car" is richer than the intension of "vehicle.")

Advanced Usage

In Logic and Semantics: "Nội hàm" is a technical term used to discuss the meaning and properties of a concept, often contrasted with "ngoại diên" (extension/denotation), which refers to the set of all objects the concept applies to.
- Mối quan hệ giữa nội hàm và ngoại diên thường là tỷ lệ nghịch: nội hàm càng lớn, ngoại diên càng nhỏ. (The relationship between intension and extension is often inverse: the greater the intension, the smaller the extension.)

Variants and Related Words

Ngoại diên (n): Extension, denotation. The range of objects to which a concept applies.
- Ngoại diên của "hành tinh" bao gồm Sao Thủy, Sao Kim, Trái Đất, v.v. (The extension of "planet" includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, etc.)

Synonyms

Intension: The internal content of a concept.
Connotation: The implied or associated qualities of a term.
Comprehension (in logic): The sum of attributes constituting a concept's meaning.

Related Terms and Concepts